PKUSER!!

Phenylektonuria is an inherited disease. The only way to get it is if both of your parents transfer 2 copies of the mutated gene, one from each of them. Some symptoms include, epilepsy, a smaller than normal head, and mental retardation. These symptoms are generally picked out at birth. The only treatment option is to adhere to a low protein diet that some physicians refer to as the diet of life. PKU is when a genticly mutated gene disrupts the PAH enzyme which leads to an excess of phenylalanine in the brain which can lead to phenylalanine poisoning. This is where the mental retardation and the epilepsy come from. The phenylalanine poisons neurons.

Arsenic

Arsenic is one of the more harmful poisons to humans considering the variety of ways that they can be exposed to it. You can be exposed to through many different ways including:
-Ingestion
-Inhalation
-Skin contact
-Eye contact
Arsenic is most harmful when inhaled, or ingested. Inhaling or ingesting high levels of arsenic can result in death. Direct contact with arsenic, only a small amount will enter the body usually resulting in nothing more than warts and/or corns on the palms of the hands, the bottom of the feet, or the torso. Being exposed to a low level of arsenic can change the color of the skin slightly. Arsenic is much more harmful to children than adults, if a pregnant woman is exposed to arsenic the child may:
-be born with defects such as:
- low birth weight
- loss of hearing
- low IQ levels
- loss of eye sight
- Dye before or during birth
- Be more susceptible to skin cancer
There are many ways to prevent the arsenic poisoning from reaching a point that becomes lethal or cause serious damage. Flushing eyes with water is one way to prevent loss of vision.


dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/dph/files/arsenicfaq.pdf
-Find this article here.

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Dry Lab


Supplies:
Bromothymol blue,
container
aquarium snail
water
elodea
aquarium plant

Procedure:
1. Fill the container with 500Ml Bromothymol Blue (BTB)

2.Mix 500 Ml water into the BTB

3. Put aquarium snail in the BTB

4.add elodea, let sit 1 hour in a well lit room

5.remove the snail and replace it with an aquarium plant.

6. Place in a dark room for 3 hours.

Obsevations:
1.adding water to bromothymolblue is blue-green
-because water mixed with co2 makes carbonic acid, and when mixed with bromothymol blue, it changes to a blue-green color. Because the acid mixes with the neutral BTB to lower the PH.

2.Water plus bromothymol blue plus an aquarium snail turns yellow.
-the snail emits acid and this causes a reaction that lowers the PH of the water changing it to yellow

3. Water plus bromothymol blue plus elodea, an aquarium plant, is blue-green in light.
-green plants photosynthesize in light and respire all the time. The plant takes in all the carbon dioxide returning the water to an almost neutral state.

4. Water plus bromothymol blue plus a snail plus elodea is blue green in light and yellow when in the dark for three hours.
- Carbon dioxide in water produces sugars and oxygen when sunlight is present btb changes to yellow when in acid and back to blue green when returned to neutral PH.

Conclusion:
After a few experiments we found that acid changes the color of BTB by changing the PH, and changes back to the normal color when it is returned to a neutral state. Plant photosynthesize and constantly respire. Furthermore carbon dioxide mixed with water makes carbonic ascid.

https://docs.google.com/a/lajunta.k12.co.us/present/view?id=dhr6jc6r_06wq9tcf

Article Summery: Calories & Alzheimers

Scientists have found that a restriction on your calorie intake may help reduce your risk of getting the alzheimers disease. Calories that produce the chemical sirtuin, which is one of the chemicals release in the brain of one with alzheimers disease. So, as the scientists state, reducing your calorie intake reduces your sirtuin intake, thus reducing your chances of catching alzheimers.

Ph post: Acids/Bases

Acids and bases are very similar yet very different. Controversial to what you might think acids have a lower Ph and bases have a higher Ph. For example, apple juice has a Ph level of 2.9, thus very acidic, while ammonia has a Ph level of 11.6, thus very basic. Mostly acids are things you eat, such as lemon, apples, oranges, many juices, with the exception of acid rain, which is something you dont want to eat. Bases are mostly cleaners and things similar to that. Hydroxide, which is released by bases, have a very delicate balance with hydronium. And hydrogen is released by acids. Since hydrogen is slightly less stable.

Acid Lab-Boom

This week in review

 I have been learning much about clinical trials and double-blind placebo experiments in these last few days. Clinical trials are normally related to bio medics or health care. The trial has a subject that must qualify for the particular kind of test they are running (called inclusion criteria) the criteria to qualify ranges from, age, gender,type, study, and the progression of the disease. The subject mus have informed consent (when the subject is given key facts about the experiment before making a decision about participating).  Some benefits of being a participant of a clinical trial are, gaining access to new treatments before they are widely available, and care at a leading medical facilities. Some risks would be, unpleasant/ life threatening side affects, and the treatment may not be effective. A double-blind trial is when neither the subject nor the person administering the treatment knows weather the subject is receiving an experimental drug or a placebo. And a placebo is an inactive pill, liquid, or powder with no treatment value, often used to asses the effectiveness of a treatment. A control is something that is kept the same while the variables are changed. Hypotheses are an educated inference about a certain experiment or subject. A hypothesis is formulated by saying if you do something it will have this effect.